Don's Jersey Birding: When wildlife habitat is restored for one species, many more benefit


Red-banded Hairstreak Butterfly.
Photos courtesy of Denise Farrell


by Don Torino

Back in April, Bergen County Audubon Society took on a major project for its small, all-volunteer organization. We began to restore butterfly habitat on a large piece of land at Overpeck Preserve in Leonia. The spot we chose was overrun with invasive plants such as Phragmities and Mugwort.

Butterfly habitat has taken a beating in New Jersey, especially here in Bergen County. Butterflies prefer open fields of wildflowers, the same types of fields where we prefer to plant shopping malls. The project involved using all native plants to restore butterfly habitat and help species such as the monarch whose numbers have been dropping in recent years.


Monarch butterfly chrysalis, one reason why native plants are critical.

As the native plants took hold and began to grow, the butterflies started to return, even faster than we had imagined possible. 25 butterfly species, along with many Monarch and Spicebush Swallowtail caterpillars, have been counted to date. This is already an amazing success story, but there is more.


White Banded Crab Spider.

I always knew that native plants are the foundation of a true wildlife habitat. Wildlife has evolved with our native plants for eons. Wildlife recognize them, the insects that birds depend on use them, they produce berries at the right time for migratory birds, and butterflies depend on them, not only for nectar, but for caterpillar host plants as well.

I knew all that, it is what I do for a living. But this time I got to hang around and witness firsthand how important native plants really are to all wildlife and how amazingly quick all wildlife responds when native plants are restored and nature is put back into balance.


Hummingbirds returned to the native plants amazingly fast.

As the habitat matured, we kept our eyes peeled for the species that the project was first intended for, but it didn’t take long to see that what we were doing was much more than creating a place for butterflies. As soon as the Monarda bloomed, Ruby-throated Hummingbirds seemed to come out of nowhere. They worked the flowers as we worked the soil, not minding our presence in the least. Many species of bumblebees and even honey bees made a triumphant return to the garden as well, craving the flowers of the swamp milkweed and the Obedient plant.

Just like in a good, healthy habitat, the predators returned too. The Assassin bug made lunch of more than a few of our butterflies, the Cicada killers made daily rounds of the habitat in search of a meal, and the spider species that appeared were just incredible.


Goldfinch eating seeds of the Giant Yellow-Hyssop.

The birds were not to be left out. The Goldfinch coveted for the Giant-Yellow Hyssops, hanging onto the now dried flowers to get at the tiny seeds. A family of Willow Flycatchers also joined us, flying through the habitat consuming as many insects as they could. It wasn’t long before the Common-Yellow Throats,   Catbirds, and Mockingbirds found a good place to go out for dinner.

Mammals stopped by for a nibble or two, or sometimes three. Deer and groundhogs found some plants delightful at the buffet, but most plants were left for others. The cottontail rabbits seemed to adopt the new habitat as their own. Moths were part of the wildlife habitat, too. Beautiful Species such as the Clearwing Hummingbird Moth and the Ailanthus Webworm Moth loved the Joe-Pye Weed and Iron weed.


Ailanthus Webworm Moth.

And as far as the creatures that the restoration project was envisioned for, they did great! Plants such as the Buttonbush provided nectar to many species of butterflies. The Monarch Caterpillar numbers were so many that they were difficult to count. 25 species in all, at least as of today.

Wildlife cries out for the return of native plants to our environment. These plants allow wildlife to thrive and become healthy again. We can all do our part. Recommend to your town, schools and churches that the next time they need landscaping done, they use native plants, and plant them in your yard wherever you can.
John Muir said, “When one tugs at a single thing in nature, he finds it attached to the rest of the world.” Native plants are the things that are attached to all of nature in one way or another. It is up to us to try to keep it that way.  



Don Torino is the Education Chairperson for Bergen County Audubon Society.  

 

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